Dzuralthe Island, 47 S, 115 E---A slender wedge of forest, 250 km long and 60 wide at its blunt east end, near the north shore of Thark Sea. A center for thotter aquaculture. (source: thotter name)
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Enk Tundra, 55-65 S, 95-140 E---a cold, windy, grassy plain south of Thark Sea. Not strictly tundra (for it has little permafrost), but frozen most of the year. Nearly as big as Alaska, it's the largest such "tundra" in the southern hemisphere. (source: mamook name)
Err? Bay, and River, 32-43 N, 165-180 E---Err? Bay is a triangular gulf, 350 by 260 km (220 by 160 mi), northwest of the Sea of P'tang. Into it flows the Err? River, some 600 km long. "Err?" is a rough transliteration of the native elaffe name--a deep, creaking yawn with a rising pitch. The western forks of the Err? rise in the icy peaks fringing huge Dejah Upland; they collect in Err? Valley and flow southeast to the Sea of P'tang. The East Err? rises in the ridges of the Kantol Rift, just south of Lake Amhor, flowing south across the Lapikki Steppe to join the West Err? only 100 km from the shore of Err? Bay. (source: elaffe name)
ESHAREE VELDT, 8-18 N, 45-75 W---Esharee is a rolling savanna north of the Madhu Hills in central Barsoom. Northern Esharee is dry grassland, with trees only along branches of the Obilla River, which run parallel down straight canyons called fossae. To the south the land levels and the trees spread into a patchwork. (source: veltaur name)
Mt Ethas, 8 N, 110 W---A volcano in Tars Triangle, a fractured wedge of land between the Wula and Thurian Rifts, just north of Tarkas Upland. Ethas, the easternmost of the four largest peaks, is taller than Denali or Aconcagua--7 km (23,000'). (source: E.R. Burroughs)
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Falnet Scarp, 15-30 S, 10 W---A long line of cliffs and steep slopes up to 4 km high, dropping into Heloon Basin from the west. Falnet marks where the basin was split long ago by Wula Rift. (source: centah name)
Lake Falnet, 26 S, 25 W---a lake 300 km (190 mi) long and half as wide, in the dry veldt basin just west of Heloon Crater and south of the Jahar Range. The lake's fairly stable, fed both by snowmelt from the Jahars and by summer thunderstorms. (source: centah name)
Felatheen Sea, FELATHEEN VELDT, 8-25 S, 110-150 E---A bedsea 800 km (500 mi) long, but wider than 100 km only at its north end. Felatheen's shores are marshy and flat; it's just the low point in a wide veldt east of the P'tarth Mts, and northwest of the Chinchaks. The veldt extends east well beyond the Notan Hills: in all, nearly 2 M sq km (800,000 sq mi). (source: centah name).
LAKE FELKA, 2-16 N, 120 W---The largest riftlake in the world, 1200 km long but never more than 100 wide. Felka lies in Tars Triangle where the Thurian, Wula and Kantol Rifts all meet; it stretches along the floor of Thurian Rift southwest from the juncture. Lake Felka's up to 300 meters deep (1000') in spots, extraordinary for Tharn; hot mineral springs feed algae and bacteria that stain the lake purple in late summer. (source: thotter name)
Lake Fentho, 36 S, 165 E---A lake 200 km long and half as wide (125 by 60 mi) just north of Zodanga Sea. The shores are evergreen forest, though this thins to prairie not far north. (source: centah name)
FOORI BASIN, Foori Sea, 22 N to 7 S, 40-60 E---a leaf-shaped arc basin--a semi-arid steppe 2700 km long and 5-600 wide (1700 by 3-400 mi), ranging from 1 to 2.5 km above datum. The brackish Foori Sea, in the south-center, is a rough oval 550 km long (330 mi). Lake Kitlei, to the northeast and two km higher up, is two-thirds as large. The basin lies southeast of Thuvia Upland, between the Mrr Mountains and the Dokko La Range to the northwest. (source: veltaur name)
Lake Foosh, 1-13 N, 7-15 E--- over 1000 km long (650 mi) but only 80 km (50 mi) wide, Lake Foosh lies just north of the equator in Otz Trench, just east of the Dusar Sea, which may eventually drain catastrophically into it. Until it does, though, Foosh will remain a haven for wingbok, who find flying easy in its dense air. (source: veltaur name)
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Gahan Tundra, Gahan Sea, 45-65 N, 45-70 W---a wide tundra basin due north of Llana Upland. Two seas drain the tundra: Gahan Sea, 800 km long (500 mi), lies at its south end; and in the far southwest, Lake Haja lies beyond the snowy Haja Range. It's nearly as long as Gahan, but much narrower: too small to moderate the local climate much.(source: E.R. Burroughs)
GATHOL SEA, 10-20 S, 80-105 W---a large sea southwest of the Wula Rift, 1450 km (950 mi) long and half as wide, with a wildly irregular shoreline--Ubelo and Shunai Bays are nearly as big as the central sea. Gathol is a freshwater lake; it drains over Sharoo Falls down to Lake Sharoo, deep in Chanath Trench just east of Tarkas Upland. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Gedda Bay, 30 S, 175 W---The northeast end of Zodanga Sea, Gedda Bay's a marshy triangle 300 km on a side, fed by Lake Pong and the Yimpo River. The only part of Zodanga with treeless shores. (source: bo name)
Lake Gerboon, 5-9 N, 89 E (disputed: caravan maps have 82 E)---Lake Gerboon is a sinuous finger 250 km long and 70 wide (150 by 45 mi). One of the four Vad Lakes in the foothills of Zor Chasma west of the Varo Sea, Lake Gerboon drains north, then east, then south again into West Zhirada Bay on the Varo Sea. The Gerboon Valley is open woods; rainfall is high for Tharn, but noticeably less than the Varo plain to the east; the intervening ridges, though low, snag much of the rain, and Gerboon is furthest north, closest to Shen Veldt. (source: bo name)
Gerpook River, 28-35 S, 150-170 W---A shallow river 1500 km long (930 mi) running from southern Thurian Rift to the Zodanga Sea. Most of the locals (camaroos and mops) live on Lake Gerpook on its north fork. (source: mop name)
Ghadoor Bay, 3-7 N, 98 E (disputed; may be as little as 92 E)--- The largest bay on the Varo Sea, on its northeast shore. Ghadoor is a leaf-shaped basin 250 km long and 100 wide (150 by 60 mi); rainforested Ghadoor Island and Cape Ghadoor divide it from the main sea. The bay is freshwater, and the shores have thotter fishing villages; bos live inland. (source: bo name)
GHASTA TRENCH and GHASTA SEA, 45-62 S, 120-150 W---a "birdsea"--a trenchlake that's filled up to the plains level and spilled out across them. Y-shaped Ghasta's 1300 km long (800 mi), medium-sized for a Tharnian sea, but is so deep it holds possibly one-twelfth of all liquid water on Tharn. It lies southwest of Tarkas Upland. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Ghek River, Lake Ghek, 20-38 S, 55-87 W (Disputed; the delta may be as little as 81 W)---a large river 2600 km long (1560 mi) feeding Lake Sharoo in the Chanath Trench east of Tarkas Upland. The southern fork flows due west from the pine-forested ridges of Wula Rift; the northern flows from Lake Ghek, 400 km long (250 mi). (Source: E.R. Burroughs)
Mt Gholit, 33 N, 102 W (disputed; may be only 98 W. This region is little traveled)---Highest peak in the Orovar Range. A massive shield volcano resembling Mars's Olympus, Mt Gholit is 16 km high (50,000'). It rises at the southwest end of the range, above the Tlani Desert. (source: mamook name)
Lake Ghoot, 27 N, 28 E (uncertain; may be as little as 22 N)---a large alpine lake in central Thuvia, about 200 km long and 100 wide (125 by 60 mi). Most of its high, cold, arid basin is fit only for mamooks; a few camaroos shepherds graze the alpine meadows around the lake. Ghoot drains south to the Trelomm River.
Gok Islands, 53 N, 120-135 E (may be only 115-130 E)---An archipelago of four islands in the Duhor Sea. The central pair are each 160-190 km long (100-120 mi); all are dense evergreen forest dotted with mop lodges, with elaffe orchards in south-facing valleys and thotter villages along the shores. (source: mop name)
Gomlap Hills, 53-73 N, 85-140 E---a range 2500 km long (1600 mi), north of Kantol Rift and the Ondronka Basin. The Gomlaps, though only 2 km high (6600'), are heavily glaciated; indeed, they form an icy tongue of the polar cap reaching almost to the Zuki Sea. The Ondronka River cuts through the range midway, forming an impressive canyon. (source: mamook name)
Gomlap River, Gomlap Bay, 50-60 N, 75-80 E---a river draining the south end of the Gomlap Hills; it runs 300 km down through steppes then forest to Gomlap Bay, 120 km across, on the northeast shore of the Zuki Sea. (source: mamook name)
Mt Goom, 15-20 S, 160-165 E (not uncertainty; it's just that big)---Mt Goom is a shield volcano 12 km high (40,000') in the central Chinchak Range. The Goom River runs north 800 km (500 mi) to the Ksaksa Sea; the upper Goom has three great waterfalls. (source: mamook name)
Grooka Valley, 15 N to 7 S, 130-150 E---the Grooka River runs southwest off Dejah Upland. To the north is the Koom Range, to the south, the Neira, both Himalayan in height. This straight, deep valley is alpine for most of its 1600-km length, though evergreens grow along the river's lower stretches and it ends in the Mozhalda Lakes on Felatheen Veldt, barely above datum. (source: mop name)
Guli River, Lake Guli, 0-5 N, 145 W (may only be 140 W)---The Guli River's source is km high, in south-central Thoris Upland; the river flows south, dropping in a famous fall onto Thoris Veldt and ends in Lake Guli, a triangular, freshwater sea about 300 km long by 160 wide (190 by 100 mi). To the east lies the Omp Range; to the south and southeast, Thurian Rift. The lake drains west via the Omp River to the Kaol Sea; its valley is the eastern fringe of the vast Polodona Rainforest. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
GWAA DESERT, 25-45 N, 20-35 W---a northern tongue of Barsoom Basin, between Llana and Thuvia Uplands. It's cut off from the greener plains to the south by long Yola Ridge. (source: flyote name)
The River Gyak, 33-57 S, 5 W to 8 E---a river 1900 km long (1200 mi) running south over the Heloon Desert, flowing into the Anthor Sea. Flyotes farm its oxbows and live in cliff-dwellings in the canyon walls. To the east runs a twin, the Koyabee. (source: flyote name)
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Hai Lek Basin, 30-40 N, 0-15 W---An arc basinon the west side of Thuvia Upland. It contains a spur of Otz Trench, but Lake Hai Lek on its floor is barely below datum. The Hai Lek River collects streams descending from the surrounding Tibetan peaks, flowing south to the lake, which is shallow but 350 km long (220 mi), then on south through a deepening canyon to Lake Teina in Otz Trench; all in all, the Hai Lek is 2100 km long (1300 mi). Much of the population (and all of its fliers) live in the southern canyon. (source: wingbok name)
Cape Hai Rai, 18-22 S, 95-100 W---An anvil-headed peninsula poking north into the Gathol Sea, cutting off Shunai Bay to the west. Hai Rai is mostly open woods, with a mild rather Mediterranean climate; densely settled by centahs, bos, and veltaurs, with thotters along the coasts. (source: veltaur name)
Lake Haja, 55-61 N, 75 W---a narrow, shallow, slightly brackish sea 700 km long but only 100 wide (450 by 65 mi) northwest of Llana Upland. Its cold, windy, marshy shores are treeless; the basin's frozen much of the year. To the east over the snowy Haja Range, a northern tongue of Llana Upland, lies Haja's big sister: the Gahan Sea. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
HAR TRENCH, 25-45 S, 120 W---A trench west of Tarkas Upland, 5.5 km deep, containing two trenchlakes, Lake Jeet in the north and much larger Lake Rrit in the south. The arthom originated here; it's still nearly their only home. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
HASTOR SEA, 4 N to 12 S, 60-67 E---A pear-shaped bedsea 900 km long (560 mi) on the equator west of Zor Chasma. Invak Rainforest surrounds most of Hastor, though the southeast shore is savanna. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
HELOON CRATER, 5-32 S, 18 E to 18 W---Tharn's largest impact feature, by far: a double-walled impact basin 2500 km across and 7 km deep. Heloon's dense air and many small seas make it a biological hotspot. The Korus Sea now fills the inner basin; the central peak is now Korad Island. The inner ringwall, the Ksana Range, is over 10 km tall (33,000+'). Outside is Tor Kvas Valley, 4-5 km deep, cupping a semicircle of lakes or small seas (clockwise, NW to SW: P'koon, Shath, Tholna, Shillim, and Kwaree). The Lothar Mts form the outer ringwall. The western third of the Heloon structure was split off long ago by the spreading zone of Wula Rift; the rest has drifted 3000 km east. (source: a tribute to Burroughs' city/land of "Helium," itself probably inspired by the Hellas Basin on Mars, since their locations coincide.)
HELOON DESERT, 15-50 S, 15 E to 15 W---Tharn's largest desert, some 10 million sq km (4M sq mi), lying south of huge Heloon Crater. Mostly flat. A fan of long, straight rivers, lakes and dry canyons (like the Koyabee R., the River Gyak, the Lante R. and Lake Hemitho) still follow the rays from the Heloon impact 400 million years ago. The southern edge fades into steppes and pinewoods around the Shaleen, Ugor and Anthor Seas. (source: indirectly from E.R. Burroughs)
Lake Hemitho, or Hemitho Sea, 21 S, 29 E---a long, shallow, brackish but drinkable lake of variable size and shifting shoreline (even for Tharn, I mean), in the eastern Heloon Desert. Most of its water is seasonal snowmelt from Sola Upland; the alternate flooding and drought has left much of Hemitho's shore relatively barren--partly salt- and clay-pans, with some marsh, and no trees. (source: centah name)
Henikaa River, Henikaa Bay, 32-40 N, 150-170 W---the Henikaa flows 2000 km from northern Thoris Upland west to Henikaa Bay, the northeastern arm of the Sea of P'tang. The lower Henikaa crosses the Liklik Desert, one of only three year-round streams to do so; its canyon is an oasis farmed by flyotes and lobbras. (source: wingbok name)
Lake Hhurr, 35-42 S, 70 E---a trench lake 5.5 km below datum, in Dor Trench southeast of Sola Upland. While Lake Hhurr is small, only 500 km long, the climate's pleasantly Mediterranean and the dense air's ideal for flight, so many lebbirds have settled here. (source: lebbird name)
Hiffa Crater, 5 N, 69 E (disputed: caravan maps show 72-75 E)---The ringwall of Hiffa Crater rises from tropical forest 500 km NE of the Hastor Sea, near Zor Chasma. The rim's 40 km wide (25 mi) and 500 m high (1600'), with a central lake 30 km wide (19 mi). Hiffa is near the edge of Invak Wood--further north, the forest opens into groves and strips along the winding rivers; semi-arboreal bos are replaced by savanna-dwellers like veltaurs and centahs. Hiffa's part of a chain of impact scars; see Shira, Zu, and Shif Shif Craters. (source: veltaur name)
Hinarr Desert, 15-33 S, 90 E---A dry plain about 600 by 1000 km (400 by 600 mi) east of Zor Chasma, near Lelei Canyon and Lake Murra at the southern tip of Yoof Trench. (source: veltaur name)
LAKE HINLA, 29-37 N, 15 W---a lake 1100 km long (700 mi) lying deep in Otz Trench. Its warm, dense-aired, fertile shores, 6 km below datum (one of the deepest trenchlakes on Tharn) are a biological hotspot and a wingbok heartland. (source: wingbok name)
LAKE HOOM, 18-32 N, 120 E (disputed; may be only 115 E)---a lake 1400 km long, in central Yoof Trench, west of Dejah Upland near Parthak Crater. Its shores are the lowest point on Tharn, 7.2 km below datum. The largest flyotes and lebbirds in the world live here, and elaffes may have evolved on its northern shores. "Hoom" is a crude transliteration of the growling, deep-throated subsonic boom only an elaffe can say right. (source: elaffe name)
HOTALKA DESERT, 10-25 S, 150-170 W---an arid plain as big as Western Europe, between the Zodanga Sea and Thurian Rift. The largest body of water is shallow Lake Ch'mal, 200 km long and 120 wide (125 by 75 mi). Streams do run down from the greener heights of the rift zone, so the region is habitable, just unappealing. Drought-tolerant centahs herd flocks here. (source: centah name)
Hulam Mts, 47-53 N, 170 E to 170 W---A snowy east-west range 1000 km long (625 mi), just north of the Kantol Rift. Really three parallel ranges 3-4 km high. Between the North and Central Hulams lies long Lake Yaruu in a subalpine valley. (source: mamook name)
Hurufai Crater, 8 S, 80 W---Hurufai is an impact crater about 60 km/40 mi wide just north of Wula Rift and south of the Kantol Sea. Lake Hurufai fills the crater floor, except for a craggy central island. The whole thing looks quite lunar except for the evergreen woods covering the slopes. Hurufai lies in fresh crust so close to the rift that it can't be over 10 million years old. The timing is suspiciously close to a whole chain of impacts near Zor Chasma on the far side of the world (see Zu, Shif Shif, Hiffa, Shira, Noor Nar and Washi Craters); Hurufai may have been a straggler in the same swarm of rocks. The blast must have torched the southwestern Barsoom Basin, but this rainy region has long since recovered. (source: veltaur name)
LAKE HYNH? (a high, querelous honk), 10 N to 10 S, 105 E---an equatorial lake 4 km down in Yoof Trench, southwest of Dejah Upland; the name, in Elaffe, means "Too hot!" and it is, for those behemoths, in fact it's the hottest place on Tharn. In orbital summer, the shores can reach 320 K (117 F) in the shade--fortunately there's a lot of that, and water, too, for a belt of rising equatorial air generates year-round rains feeding a lush, hothouse forest. The lebbird tree-towns of Hynh? sleep days and live at night, under the vast golden glow of Zeus. (source: elaffe name)
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Iklora Fjords, 40 S, 170-180 W---A set of narrow, straight capes and bays 80-160 km long (50-100 mi) but just a few miles wide. The walls, from 1-600 m high (300-2000'), range from steep wooded slopes to sheer black cliffs. These parallel fossae run inland all the way to the Thurian Rift; the most visible fracture zone on Tharn. The fjords are a center of thotter aquaculture, and flyotes farm the fossae-floors upriver, living in spectacular cliff-villages. (source: thotter name)
Mt Ikos, 0-2 S, 105-110 W---a volcano in Tars Triangle, the fractured wedge of land between Wula and Thurian Rifts, just north of Tarkas Upland. Southernmost of the four big peaks here, it's 8 km high (27,000'), larger than Kilimanjaro or Denali. A long line of lesser cones, mere Fujis and Ararats, straggles 250 km southeast. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Mt Imal, 3 N, 113 W---a volcano in Tars Triangle, the fractured wedge of land between the Wula and Thurian Rifts, just north of Tarkas Upland. Highest and westernmost of Tars's four great volcanoes, Imal is 10 km (33,000'), toe to top: as high as Hawaii stripped bare of its sea. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Ing River, 15-24 S, 120 W---A river running from Tars Triangle 800 km (500 mi) south to Lake Jeet in Har Trench. (source: artho name)
Lake Inkip, 3-6 N, 90 E (disputed; may be only 84 E)---Lake Inkip is a fingerlake 220 km long and at most 50 wide (140 by 30 mi). Easternmost of the four Vad Lakes in the foothills of Zor Chasma west of the Varo Sea. It drains into West Zhirada Bay. The Inkip Valley is a bit drier than the Varo Basin over the hills to the east: the forest is tall but a bit more open. (source: thotter name)
Insoralta Peninsula and Sound, 55-58 N, 75-78 E---a broad, densely wooded cape on the east shore of Zuki Sea. To the north is Gomlap Bay; to the south, sinuous Insoralta Sound, 500 km long (300 mi). Mudbanks and kelp beds make for rich fishing and "clamming" for the local thotters. (source: thotter name)
INVAK FOREST, 8 N to 11 S, 50-75 E---An equatorial rainforest by the Hastor Sea, west of Zor Chasma. One of Tharn's lushest forests, Invak is as big as New Guinea, or two Californias. Invak's flat, broken only by the rays of Shira Crater and the rim-hills of Yarr Trench. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Iss River, Lake Iss, ISS TUNDRA, 68-45 S, 60-80 E---A cold, silty, many-branched river 2250 km long (1400 mi) draining Iss Tundra, a huge cold steppe southeast of Sola Upland. Several river-arms have dug deep canyons--air oases. Lake Iss fills the floor of one. 190 km long and 20-40 wide (120 by 20 mi), the lake's one of the youngest features on Tharn, only a few thousand years old; a great landslide dammed the river. The lower Iss flows north into Dor Trench, feeding Lake Hhurr. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
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JAHAR MTS, 5-27 S, 5-35 W---a range of overlapping shield volcanoes west of Heloon Crater, stretching 2500 km to the Wula Sea. Mt Umblam, the youngest, westernmost and highest peak, tops 16 km (52,500')--the second tallest on Tharn. Seven or eight others are Himalayan in size. Concentric climate belts ring the mountains, from Martian down through alpine, forest, savanna and desert. The western slopes are scalloped, cliffwalled, overlapping lava plateaus, like the wax at the base of a candle, called The Terraces. Each terrace has a different altitude, climate and dominant species. Snowmelt from the great volcanoes collects into large winding rivers on these plateaus, then plunges in large falls to the lower levels. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Lake Jeet, 25 S, 120 W---Lake Jeet lies 4.5 km deep in Har Trench, just west of Tarkas Upland. Jeet's only about 180 km (110 mi) long; the Zzeep River issues from its south end, feeding much larger Lake Rrit to the south. Its shores are orchards tended by arthom. (source: artho name)
Joom Range, 58-67? S, approximately 180 W---a cluster of five major and many smaller volcanoes, heavily glaciated. The Jooms rise from the sparse tundra south of Thurian Rift and west of the Ghasta Sea. Central Mt Joom is the tallest, at about 12 km (40,000'). These are massive volcanoes, though steeper in slope than true shield volcanoes. Exposed to the polar winds, the southern slopes and heights above 2 km are quite barren and largely ice-mantled; but the long south slopes face the sun and block the polar winds; this subpolar microclimate supports lichen, grass and even sparse evergreens in valleys. While pastoral camaroos might just be able to survive here, Joom is extremely isolated; mamooks are the only residents. (source: mamook name)
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Lake Kalenn, 44 S, 65 W---an oasis in the Bantoom Desert; a lake 16 km across with marshy shores, nestled in the bowl of Luppa Crater. The lake is well below bedlevel, with air thick enough to support unusually large flyotes and plains wingbok so large they can speak in complete sentences. Thotters and pastoral centahs also live by its shores. (source: wingbok name)
KALTAVEN BASIN, Kaltaven Range, 30-45 S, 85-100 W---an arc basin on the eastern edge of Tarkas Upland. Kaltaven's floor is fully two km high (6600"), so it's not desert like most arc basins, but a steppe 1000 km long and hundreds wide. On the east side the Kaltaven Range rise 5 km (16,000') to a height of 7 km (23,000') above datum; their spectacular east face drops over 12 km (40,000') into the Chanath Trench. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Kal Taven.)
KANTOL RIFT, 15-60 N, 115 W to 135 E---Kantol is a chasma, a sinuous double ridge where new crust is spreading, like our East African Rift. Kantol's thousands of km long; it snakes north of Thoris Upland, approaches the northern icecap, then curves south as Zor Chasma--geologically they're just different stretches of the same feature. The coldest of the rift zones, Kantol's twin ridges and even its central rift valley are largely evergreen forest, alpine, or glaciated. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
KANTOL SEA, 2-23 N, 60-82 W---this bedlake in West Barsoom is the biggest sea on Tharn, 2400 km long and 1600 wide (1500 by 1000 mi), though shallow and broken by endless islands--low, curving ridges forming marshy labyrinths at the north end (Repseen Maze), southeast (Kyo Islands) and southwest (Thioma Maze). The north and west shores are veldt; the south and east, rainforest. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Kaol Sea, 1 N to 6 S, 155-166 W---an equatorial sea in eastern Polodona, southwest of Thoris Upland. Kaol is a rough diamond-shape, 700 by 500 km across (450 by 300 mi), with a convoluted coast and many small islands, all lushly wooded--it's the east end of Polodona Rainforest. Slightly brackish and tannin-stained, Kaol's still quite drinkable. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Kayakai Islands, 55-60 S, 20 W---Three large and many small islands in the northern Ugor Sea. The Kayakais are cool and mild, a patchwork of conifer woods and meadows. Most residents are thotters, mops, or the endemic "flightless" subspecies of wingbok (actually, most can fly short distances). (source: wingbok name)
Kiarro Peninsula, Kiarro Arm, 6-13 N, 36 W---Tortuous Cape Kiarro winds over 500 km (300 mi) south into the Waroon Sea, nearly cutting off a great western sound, the Kiarro Arm. To the east, the same rise forms the Dziran Archipelago. Thotter villages line all these warm, wooded shores. (source: thotter name)
Kindasharo Island, 26 S, 72 E---A leaf-shaped island in the Proom Sea; 120 km (75 mi) long, by far the largest in Proom. Kindasharo's the debris apron from Washi Crater in its center, 20 km wide. The island's Mediterranean in climate, with forest only in canyons and up on the rain-catching heights of the Washi ringwall. Still, it's a pleasant oasis compared to the Proom Desert surrounding the sea. (source: thotter name)
Lake Kitlei, 15-19 N, 60 E---Lake Kitlei is a freshwater sea 320 km (200 mi) wide, at the north end of Foori Basin southeast of the Thuvia Upland. Kitlei Valley lies from 1.5 to 2.5 km high (5-8000'); it's mostly a cool, treeless steppe. The Kitlei River drains the lake, running 700 km southwest, down to the Foori Sea. (source: wingbok name)
K'LANTHA VELDT, 11-27 N, 80-93 W---the warm grassland between the Kantol and Rippagong Seas. Long finlike ridges (the last gasp of the fracture zone around Wula Rift to the south) break the grassy plain, forcing all the streams to run parallel. These ridges often end in redrock scarps on the northeast face, giving K'lantha a desert look that's deceptive; storms can blow in off either sea, so rainfall's fairly high and reliable for Tharnian veldt. (source: centah name)
Koba Arm or Koba Gulf, 55-62 N, 102-109 W---a great bay curving north at the east end of the Raksar Sea. Koba is about 400 by 500 km (250 by 300 mi). (source: mop name)
Koom Sea, 12-18 N, 145-153 E---a brackish lake in east-central Dejah Upland, fully 800 km (500 mi) long. Twin basins, each 300 km wide, are linked by a long narrows. Koom is by far the largest lake in Dejah, and a center of mamook culture, fed by the rich grass of its alpine shores. (source: mamook name)
Korad Island, 17-23 S, 1-5 W---a mountainous island in the Sea of Korus. It's the central peak of the inner impact basin of Heloon Crater, largest on Tharn by far. Fully 11 km (36,500') tall, Korad is one of Tharn's tallest nonvolcanic peaks. But not the highest; its base rises from 7 km (23,000') below bedlevel! Even so, the summit's high enough for snow, and even a few glaciers. Korad's a weird parallel to Earth's Hawaii--if Tharn had enough water to fill Heloon to datum/bedlevel, it'd be a near-twin of Mauna Kea. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Korus Sea, 15-25 S, 2 E to 10 W---a lake 7 km (23,000') down on the crater floor of Heloon, the largest impact feature on Tharn. Korus is 900 km across (560 mi), though nowhere are you more more than 160 km (100 mi) from land. Its shores are extremely fertile due to the high air pressure, comparable to Earth only 3-4 km up--merely Alpine! The sea is ring-shaped, with a great mountain rising from its center: Korad. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Koyabee River, 33-55 S, 25 E---a river 2000 km long (1250 mi) in the southern Heloon Desert, flowing into the Anthor Sea. Flyotes farm its oxbows and live in cliff-dwellings in the canyon walls. It has a western twin, the River Gyak. (source: flyote name)
KSAKSA SEA, Ksaksa Stairs, 1-14 S, 148-168 E---a triangular equatorial sea at the feet of the Chinchak Range. The shores are wooded, though they quickly thin to savanna to the south and west. Ksaksa is a good 1800 km long (1130 mi); the large, fertile Chandika Islands run down its middle. Half a dozen species share the region, attracted by the mild climate and the beauty of its capes, bays, and islands. An even bigger attraction are the Ksaksa Stairs, a set of wooded, cliffwalled plateaus rising like a stair to the southeast into the Chinchak Range. Snowmelt from the great volcanoes above collects into large winding rivers on these plateaus, then plunges in large falls to the lower levels. Similar lava-shelves create similar falls in the Terraces on the west side of the Jahar Range. (source: E.R. Burroughs, spelled Xaxa)
Ksana Mts, 12-27 S, 5 E to 10 W---the inner ring-range of the huge impact crater of Heloon. The Ksanas are up to 10 km tall (33,000'), yet their summits are snowless in summer, for they rise from a deeply sunken basin, reaching only three km (2 mi) above datum. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Lake Kwaree, 28 S, 3-10 W---a lake 600 km long (380 mi) in Heloon Crater. Kwaree lies in the southwest end of Tor Kvas Basin, between the Ksana and Lothar Ranges (the inner and outer ringwalls). To the northeast lies Lake Shillim, next in the chain. (source: centah name)
Kwee River, 18-30 N, 45-60 W---a river 1200 km (750 mi) long, draining the southern third of Llana Upland. Most of its course is through alpine meadows, but the last third is unbroken rapids, dropping nearly 10 km into Shuka Trench. (source: mamook name)
Lake Kyekyek, 5-10 S, 142-152 E---a narrow trenchlake 660 km long (415 mi), in Dupdup Trench, the long trench southeast of Dejah Upland. Kyekyek is the deep point of the trench, fully 6.5 km below datum. Lake Yegweh, nearly twice as big, feeds it from the north; tiny Lake Yipyaa, from the south. Dupdup Trench is flyote country; at least they're the only flying people who've settled this large air oasis; veltaurs, lobbras and thotters live here too, but being wingless, only enjoy the dense air's secondary benefits: a stable, hot climate, good for farming and orchards. Lebbirds and wingbok have not yet reached this trench, though if they do, they could certainly fly here. (source: flyote name)
Kyo Islands, 3-6 N, 75-80 W---an archipelago of eight low, hilly islands up to 200 km long (125 mi) in the southeastern Kantol Sea, in Barsoom. Tropical forest covers most of the Kyos, though the drier northern islets have some open meadows. Most residents are bos and thotters. (source: thotter name)
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Lante River, 30-42 S, 10-25 W---modest in flow but 1100 km long (700 mi), the Lante rises in the western Lothar Range, the outer ring-wall of Heloon Crater. The Lante flows south through the western Heloon Desert to the Shaleen Sea; its long green valley is the best route for caravans over the desert to the southern forest belt. (source: wingbok name)
Lapikki Steppe, 35-45 N, 170 E to 170 W---Lapikki is a cool, windy, semi-arid plain north of the Sea of P'tang. Only three rivers cross the steppe: from west to east, the Errr?, East Errr?, and Lapikki; all three flow south from Kantol Rift Zone to the sea. (source: flyote name)
Larothe Bay, Cape Larothe, 2-7 N, 30 W---A triangular bay 270 km long (170 mi) on the convoluted south shore of the Waroon Sea. It's nearly a separate lake. Just west lies Cape Larothe, a wedge of dense tropical forest the size of Java. To the east is similar Lake Pshu. (source: thotter name)
Lake Larr, 11-13 S, 110 E---A triangular trenchlake 200 km long (130 mi) lying in the junction where small Wrr Trench joins Yoof Trench. The lake lies fully 3 km below datum, with dense air even Earth creatures could nearly breathe. Its depth and low latitude make Larr one of the hottest places on Tharn. The shores are lush; the plains above the trench are savanna, but heat-adapted forest rings the lake and lebbirds have planted great orchards. The lake drains south to salty Lake Murra. (source: lebbird name)
Lelei River, Canyon, Veldt, Islands, 3-18 S, 95-105 E---The Lelei River drains the equatorial, freshwater Varo Sea. The south end of the sea narrows and fills with leaf-shaped islands where thotters flourish: a delta in reverse, like Lake Ontario's Thousand Islands. Both isles and shores are rainforested. The Lelei runs south; the forest slowly thins to savanna. The river cuts a canyon through Lelei Veldt, eventually becoming a spectacular gorge 3 km deep (2 mi). Its mouth opens into Yoof Trench, where the Lelei drains into salty Lake Murra, 3.5 km below datum. The canyon's thick warm air supports two of Tharn's four winged peoples: the walls are riddled with the cliff-dwellings of full-sized flyotes, plus a significant minority of lebbirds. (source: flyote name)
LIKLIK DESERT, 17-40 N, 155-175 W---Liklik is the largest desert in the northern hemisphere--a flat red plain 2000 by 1200 km across (1250 by 750 mi), stretching west from Thoris Upland to the Sea of P'tang. It's broken only by three river-canyons (the Henikaa, the Talaya and the Shinnif) and by Obbelak Crater. (source: wingbok name)
LLANA UPLAND, 22-50 N, 40-75 W---a "continental" plateau the size and shape of India, north of the Barsoom Basin. To the northwest is Lake Haja; Lake Gahan is due north. Long, straight Himalayan ranges march along the southern edges, dropping into trenches: Shuka Trench to the southwest, Okar to the southeast. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
LOTHAR MTS, 5-32 S, 18 E to 18 W---the outer ringwall of the huge impact crater of Heloon. The Lothars shelter Tor Kvas Valley, between the inner and outer walls, and half a dozen large lakes. Their outer faces are only 3 km tall (10,000'), snowy only in winter; but the inner slopes are 7-6 km tall, since the Tor Kvas basin is 4 km below datum (Tharn's equivalent of sea level). (source: E.R. Burroughs)
LAKE L'REE, 14-25 S, 60-70 E---a major trenchlake 1300 km (800 mi) long, in Dor Trench east of Sola Upland; its shores are 3.5 km deep, with the air thick enough for easy flight, so it's densely settled by lebbirds. (source: lebbird name)
Luppa Crater, 44 S, 65 W---an impact crater 90 km (55 mi) across, in the Bantoom Desert east of Tarkas Upland. It's unusual in that the crater's new enough to have rays visible from space and a central bowl 1.7 km deep (over a mile), yet the walls are low--less than a km (3300'). This has ecological consequences: the low walls don't block winter storms, but the bowl traps snowmelt. So Luppa's become an oasis of warmth, denser air, AND water. Flyotes, wingbok, thotters and centahs all live here, around shallow Lake Kalenn. (source: flyote name)
LUSHANTA VELDT, 8-20 N, 170-180 E---Lushanta is a savanna east of Dejah Upland. 1000 km (600 mi) wide, Lushanta is a warm rolling plain dotted with trees, thickening to groves and open woods in the south--the fringes of Polodona Rainforest. Lushanta's east edge is the Chepsillo River, running north to the Sea of P'tang. (source: centah name)
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Madhu Hills, 0 N, 45 W---the rainforested central hills of the Barsoom Basin, between the Waroon, Wula and Kantol Seas. Neither volcanic nor associated with a trench, the Hills are probably a corona. (source: bo name)
Manacha Fan, 0-16 S, 105-115 W---a wedge of compression ridges just south of Tars Triangle, where three rifts meet. The largest is Chornis Ridge, a single straight ridge 3-4 km high, running nearly 900 km (560 mi) north from Tarkas Upland. Its north end frays into a fan of lesser ridges running another 900 km to Mt Ikos. Manacha's ridgetops range from bare rock to alpine meadows and forests. Valleys are semiarid grass and scrub, with some trees in sheltered cliff-bays and along streams. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Manatja)
MANATOR SEA and MANATOR VELDT, 5-25 S, 122-132 W---a narrow, broken sea 1300 km (800 mi) long. Manator lies west of Tarkas Upland, just south of the equator. The sea's south end trails off in a long chain of brackish desert lakes leading nearly to the Ghasta Sea The northern shores are a flat savanna larger than Texas: Manator Veldt. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Manlat River, Manlat Arm, 28-40 N, 78-85 E---a river 800 km (500 mi) long running from Zor Chasma (near Lake Manlat, though it doesn't drain it--the riftlake has no outlet) down to Manlat Arm, a bay about 240 km (150 mi) long on the Zuki Sea. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Man-Lat)
Lake Manlat, 20 N, 83 E---a rift lake lying deep in Zor Chasma, near Zu Crater. Peanut-shaped, the lake is 250 km long and 125 wide (160 by 80 mi) . It's fed by hot mineral springs--"black smokers"--sustaining unique sea-life. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Man-Lat)
Miarr Shelf, 8-12 N, 120 E---A relatively fertile alpine lake-basin on the western rim of Dejah Upland. Miarr resembles the Ethiopian Highlands in size, latitude and altitude, though the climate's harsher, with strong seasons due to Tharn's orbital eccentricity. Still, it's mild for a Tharnian upland. Its four large (and hundreds of small) lakes all drain into Yoof Trench. Miarr supports a dense population of camaroo farmers and pastoralists. (source: lebbird name)
Mintibom River, 30-42 S, 120 E---A river flowing 700 km (450 mi) south from the West P'tarth Range to the Sea of Thark. Each orbital winter, caravans led by camaroos trek south along the mountains and follow the river over the dry plains to the forested shores of Thark--gateway to the whole southern temperate zone. Due entirely to the Mintibom, lonely-looking P'tarth is a distinctly more cosmopolitan region than, say, the Wrr Basin to the north. (source: lobbra name)
Lake Moak, 20 S, 75 W---a bedlake 500 km long (300 mi), surrounded by veldt. Moak drains west into the Gathol Sea. Further east is a near-twin, the Sea of Ghek. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
MOLAK ISTHMUS, 2-18 S, 35-50 E---a triangular alpine tail of Thuvia Upland, linking it to Sola Upland to the south. On the east side, the Yarr Range rises out of Yarr Trench. Nearly as high, the West Yarr Range parallels the front range, with an alpine valley between. For 5-600 km west, lesser but still icy ranges and alpine valleys alternate, ending in the huge Molak Range on the western rim of the Isthmus. To the south, the upland narrows steadily and twists into the curving, tangled, transverse Trunzip Range. Below them lies Trunzip Pass; beyond, to the south, Sola Upland. (source: mamook name)
Mozhalda Lakes, 8 S, 125 E---a chain of three brackish but drinkable lakes, each 80-125 km across (50-80 mi), just south of Dejah Upland. Their source is the alpine Grooka River, but the lakes themselves are a Mediterranean lowland bordering Felatheen Veldt, which is positively African. Most Mozhaldans are bos, a warm-weather, semi-arboreal people. (source: bo name)
MRR TRENCH, Mrr Range, 0-67 N, 50-75 E---A biological hotspot east of Thuvia, Mrr Trench is the longest on Tharn, though below the sharp equatorial bend at Lake Yarr, it's called Dor Trench. The complex is fully 10,000 km long (6,250 mi) and ranges from 3-6 km deep (10-20,000'). Long lakes dot the trench floor, of course. A western spur of the trench creates the Worawora Basin. The Mrr Mountains separate Worawora from the main trench; their spectacular eastern face is up to 10 km tall (33,000'). (source: lebbird name)
Muptip Range, 60-75 N, 150-180 W---a low but icy northern range running for 2000 km (1250 mi) between the Raksar and Ozara Seas. The Muptips rise up to 2500 m (8,250'). Nomadic mamooks graze the slopes in summer, but no one lives here. (source: mamook name)
Lake Murra (moor-ah, not mrr-ah), 18 S, 100 E---a lake 600 km long (375 mi) deep in the southern end of Yoof Trench, just west of the P'tarth Range. Lake Murra is 3.5 km down, with air thick enough for large fliers like heat-adapted lebbirds and flyotes; it's also home to flightless lobbras and veltaurs. Its latitude and depth make Murra's climate hot and rather dry except right by the lake; irrigation is the norm. The west side of the trench drops abruptly, in spectacular cliffs. Murra is the southeast end of the lebbirds' range; they'd thrive in Dupdup Trench to the east, but it's a wingless walk nearly 3000 km long (1800 mi). For such a well-known place, Murra's longitude is hotly debated; caravan maps put Murra at 110 east, orbital photos at 95 (our world map favors local cartography since the photos aren't easy to interpret). Errors are understandable; no one heads due east or west from the lake over the cliffs, mountains and deserts--all (sane) traffic follows the trench. (source: lebbird name)
LAKE MWAA, 37-53 N, 70 E---a lake 1100 km (690 mi) long in Mrr Trench east of Thuvia. Lying in a rainy zone, this stretch of the trench has filled more than most; the lake-face is only 2.8 km below datum. Mwaa is freshwater, for it drains north into deeper Lake Yoee. Its shores are fertile and densely wooded; largely lebbird orchards. (source: lebbird name)
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Lake Neira, 3 N, 148 E---largest lake in Aihu Basin, on the southeast rim of Dejah Upland. Lake Neira straddles the equator and lies about two km high (6600'); the surrounding hills look a bit Mediterranean, and even more like the Ethiopian highlands. Centahs herd the hills; camaroos and veltaurs farm the valleys. Neira's warm for camaroos and cold for veltaurs, right at the edge of their respective ranges; one of very few places they cohabit. (source: veltaur name)
Nesh Ru Lake, River and Falls, 10 N, 150 W---L-shaped Lake Nesh Ru is the largest lake in Thoris Upland; it lies 3.3 km above datum (11,000') on one of Thoris's southwestern terraces. Nesh Ru is 200 km long and up to 50 wide (130 by 30 mi). Its icy waters are the source of Nesh Ru Falls, 500 m high and 1000 wide. The Nesh Ru River collects most of the runoff from southwestern Thoris, running 800 km (500 mi) southwest to the Kaol Sea. Above the falls, the Nesh Ru Basin is a mild subalpine highland; camaroos dominate. Below, veltaurs and centahs and lobbras herd and farm. (source: veltaur name)
NGIPPO RIVER, 20-45 S, 140-170 E---a river 3200 km long (2000 mi), probably the longest on Tharn. The Ngippo collects most of the runoff from the south side of the huge Chinchak Range. Its valley cuts across the Tin Kik Desert, creating a long irrigable strip much like the Nile. (source: lobbra name)
Noor Nar Crater, 18 S, 70 E--- an impact crater 25 km across (15 mi) near Zor Rift. It's a fresh rugged scar only about 10 million years old, with a ringwall still nearly a kilometer high--high enough to catch rain and sustain forests. The floor is a round lake, one of the few in the region; small streams radiate out from the debris apron. Noor Nar Crater is just one of a long chain (see Zu, Shif Shif, Hiffa, Shira and Washi Craters). The surrounding prairie is generally called Noor Nar Veldt. (source: veltaur name)
NOOR NAR VELDT, 10-20 S, 60-80 E---A savanna east of Sola Upland, north of the Proom Desert and south of Invak Wood and the Hastor Sea. Noor Nar is a rolling plain of about 600,000 sq km (250,000 sq mi), green in winter, gold in summer, inhabited by a mixture of veltaurs, centahs and flyotes. The only hills are the walls and rays of Noor Nar Crater (see above), and the ridges of Zor Chasma to the east. (source: veltaur name)
Notan Hills, 11-16 S, 125-130 E---A range of equatorial hills rising east of the Felatheen Sea, south of Dejah Upland and northwest of the Chinchak Range. The hills, nowhere over 2.5 km high (8000') are an ecological island of brush and open woods on the broad Felatheen Veldt. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
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Obara Falls, 16 S, 63 E (longitude doubtful, from caravan maps; orbital photos suggest 59 E)---a set of cataracts on the Hastor River, draining the sea of that name down into Lake L'ree in Dor Trench. There are over a dozen major falls, many of them spectacular, for the river drops 3.3 km (11,000') in 65 km (40 mi), and the flow is many times larger than Niagara, for the Hastor Basin is rainforest. If Lake L'ree wasn't in a dry, sunny high-evaporation zone, the trench would fill, destroying the falls and creating a birdsea. (source: bo name)
Obbelak Crater, 25 N, 170 W---Obbelak is a flawlessly preserved impact basin 60 km wide (35 mi) in the Liklik Desert. The rim is low, only 300 meters high (1000'). But that's the highest thing for hundreds of km. Rays of debris run from the rim 160 km in all directions. (source: flyote name)
Obilla River, 1-16 N, 55-65 W---A winding, many-branched river about 1000 km long in central Barsoom, draining the western Madhu Hills and Esharee Veldt to the north. The Esharee branches run parallel along the floors of fossae caused by crust bending down into Shuka Trench. The southern Madhu arms all meander through rainforest. (source: bo name)
OHHH FOREST, 20-35 N, 170-180 E---Ohhh (a deep croaking groan with a falling pitch) is a temperate forest west of the Sea of P'tang. Ohhh is about 720 km (450 mi) long, sweeping up from the shore to the rugged Alpine basins of the Artolian Chaos, 500 km inland (300 mi). The Ohhh Forest was settled and named by elaffes, a huge, slow, giraffish people of the northern woods. But Ohhh is warm enough for a large minority of mops and even a few lobbras. (source: elaffe name)
OKAR TRENCH, 18-40 N, 35-40 W---the trench east of Llana Upland, in the northern Barsoom Basin. Relatively dry, Okar plunges as deep as 6 km; two small lakes fill only the very lowest spots. Due to the depth, the climate's hot, despite the latitude, and the air is dense and easy to fly in. Trench wingbok dominate here, though thotters live along the lakeshores. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Ombra Crater, 57 N, 135 W (world map has 125, but longitudes this far north are hazy--caravan maps range from 125 to 140!)---An impact crater north of the Raksar Sea, Ombra is one of Tharn's largest and ruggedest: 190 km wide (120 mi). A cool lake fills the floor, 1 km below the plains outside and 3 km (10,000') below a ringwall snowcapped even in summer. It's a little world of its own, sheltered from the polar winds; the inner north rim, tilted toward the sun to the south, feels almost temperate; the northernmost flyotes on Tharn live here, taking advantage of the denser air. They form a hybrid culture with thotters, mops and camaroos living round the lake. Outside, Ombra's splash apron distorts Raksar into a U shape, and rays of debris form straight, radial capes and "fjords" along Raksar's north shore, 160-250 km long (100-150 mi). Mops dominate these wind-sheltered woods. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Omchatta River, Lake Omchatta, 15 N to 12 S, 135-120 E---Lake Omchatta is a triangular sheet of fresh water 330 km (210 mi) long and nearly 4 km high (13,000'), in central Dejah Upland west of the Koom Sea. The Omchatta River, 3200 km (2000 mi) long, winds southwest from the lake through broad alpine meadows for a few hundred km, then slices a deep, straight canyon out of the uplands down to the Felatheen Sea. (source: thotter name)
Omp Mts, 10 N, 125-130 W---a volcanic range between Thoris Upland and the Thurian Rift, south of the Tunol Marshes. The Omps are small in extent but fairly high, with three twin-peaked volcanoes 5-6 km high (16-20,000')--comparable to Ararat, Denali, or Kilimanjaro. The Omps resemble the peaks of the Tars Triangle just across Thurian Rift; both ranges seem to be the result of compression. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Ondronka Basin, 62-75 N, 80-150 E---a far northern tundra basin. The sinuous Ondronka River flows east in summer, (most of the year, nothing here flows anywhere!) collecting milky water from many tributaries off the tundra and the ice cap to the north. It cuts through the Gomlap Hills, then winds southeast to Lake Ondronka, a brackish little sea 200 km long and half as wide (125 by 60 mi) (source: mamook name)
Lake Oonira, 47-50 S, 45 W---Lake Oonira, 320 km long but only 65 wide (200 by 40 mi) is a brackish, alkaline riftlake with no outlet, lying in southern Wula Rift. Snowy ridges surround the lake; its shores are dry grassy steppes. Like Lake Wssh to the north, Oonira has hotsprings feeding tufa reefs and towers, with strange life reminiscent of our deep-sea vent communities. (source: veltaur name)
Oosh Tundra, 60-70 S, 40 E to 40 W---a cold windy steppe south of the Ugor and Anthor Seas, running down to the polar cap. The northern edge sustains grass, but the south is just rocks and lichen; it's frozen most of the year. Only nomadic mamooks live here. (source: mamook name)
OROVAR RANGE, 32-70 N, 75-105 W (longitudes approximate; it's far north and little visited)---a chain of huge shield volcanoes south of Raksar Sea and west of Llana Upland. High point: Mt Gholit, 16 km high (50,000'). Crust spreading from the Kantol Rift is evidently sweeping over a large stable hotspot here. The Orovars, being subpolar, are heavily glaciated barrens, unlike other shield-volcano chains on Tharn, like Jahar and Chinchak. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
OTZ TRENCH, 10 S to 48 N, 25 E to 30 W---the main trench west of Thuvia Upland. The straightest, most prominent, and one of the longest on Tharn--a good 5000 km (3000 mi). The north end breaks up into three arc-basins, Tlikki, Roop and Hai Lek. Only Roop has dense enough air for fliers like trench wingbok. But down in the main trench, Lakes Hinla, Teina and Foosh have major wingbok civilizations with small lebbird minorities; only a few lebbirds have made it here over Trunzip Pass. Flyotes, of course, are everywhere. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Ozara Sea, 55-60 N, 180 W---a far northern sea 800 km long (500 mi), lying in a tundra basin just north of Kantol Rift, west of Ulvas Crater and Raksar Sea. From orbit Ozara looks like a (badly drawn) dead bluebird. It's choked with low, silty islands. The only inhabitants are mamooks. Site of a great annual song-duel festival or "chong-ma". (source: E.R. Burroughs)
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Palrak Lakes, 20-28 S, 30 E---Four shallow, slightly brackish lakes just east of Heloon Crater. The shores are dry veldt, the edge of the Heloon Desert to the south. Their source is snowmelt from the Lothar Mts (the outer ring-range of Heloon), and from the Molak and Trunzip Ranges to the east. Centahs water their herds here, but the marshy shorelines flood and recede seasonally; too variable for permanent settlement. (source: centah name)
PARTHAK CRATER, 15-20 N, 105 E---the second largest impact scar on Tharn, Parthak lies west of Dejah Upland. Parthak is fully 300 km (190 mi) rim to rim, with a splash apron and rays spreading 1000 km in all directions. It's fairly fresh: 30-50 million years old, it lies in a dry zone where weathering is slow. Parts of the ring are still 5 km high, and bear small glaciers. A lake fills the crater; the central peak is now an island. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
P'DROMA DESERT, 55-70 N, 0-40 W---a near-Martian desert the size of Patagonia. P'droma is a stony red plain in summer and a white waste in winter. It's a broad saddle from 1-2 km above datum, between Gahan Tundra and the Umka Sea, north of Roop Basin. (source: mamook name)
Lake P'koon, 12 S, 4-12 W---a brackish sea 640 km long (400 mi) in Heloon Crater. Lake P'koon fills the northwest end of the Tor Kvas Valley, between the Ksana and Lothar Ranges (the inner and outer ringwalls). P'koon lies fully 5 km down; the dense air, heat, and moderate rainfall make the region a lush breadbasket (egg- and fruit-basket really). Thotters fish the shores; lebbirds and flyotes (attracted by the dense air) tend orchards and beanfields around it; further from the shores, in open prairies, wingbok graze and centahs herd losha. To the east lies similiar Lake Shath. (source: centah name)
Podraap River, 25-32 S, 150-168 W---A shallow, stony river running 1600 km (2000 mi) west from Thurian Rift to the Zodanga Sea. The region is otherwise rather dry; most locals are mops and thotters living along the river, as in the similar Gerpook Valley to the south. (source: mop name)
POLODONA WOOD, 8 N to 8 S, 150 W to 165 E---a great equatorial forest west of the Kaol Sea and east of Dejah Upland. Polodona's edges fade into open woods, groves and savanna, so its area is hard to pin down, but it's at least 1.25 M sq km (500,000 sq mi). (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Pong River and Lake Pong, 18-25 S, 170-180 W---The Pong is a shallow, gravelly river 900 km long (550 mi), rising on the dry south side of the Chinchak Mountains and running south through the Tin Kik Desert to the west shore of marshy Lake Pong, a rough triangle of shallow water 330 km (210 mi) long, which drains into Gedda Bay on the Zodanga Sea, just to the south. (source: lobbra name)
Lake P'p'p (a bilabial farting noise like a Bronx cheer), 46 N, 135-140 E---Lake P'p'p, 190 km long and 40 wide (120 by 25 mi) is a lake in Yoof Trench just south of far larger Lake Rrao. Both lakes are snowmelt and lie at nearly the same depth (over 3 km down), but the P'p'p Valley is much colder than the shores of Rrao, for the Yoof Range looms 8-10 km over the lake's south side, shading it much of the year. Here, elaffes first bred the frost-hardy fruit trees they later planted all over Rronk Wood--indeed, much of northern Tharn. (source: elaffe name)
Proom Desert, 20-50 S, 70-90 W---A desert plain east of Sola Upland, between Dor Trench and Zor Chasma; the north end fades into Noor Nar Veldt, the south end into Iss Tundra. The Proom Sea is the only significant oasis. (source: centah name)
Proom Sea, 22-29 S, 75 E (disputed: claims range from 70-80 E)---A desert bed-lake 600 km long (380 mi) east of Sola Upland, between Dor Trench and Zor Chasma. A long, shallow, salty lozenge of a lake with one large central island, Kindasharo, which is the debris apron around Washi Crater. The climate is Mediterranean, mild but dry, with trees only along streambeds and on Washi's ringwall; the shores are grassy--the southern edge of Noor Nar Veldt. Beyond is only the Proom Desert. (source: centah name)
Pshika Is., 20 N, 105 W---an archipelago of Mediterranean islands in the northern Rippagong Sea. Pshika proper, twice the size of all the others combined, is a great wedge of rolling meadows and groves, 220 km long (130 mi). (source: thotter name)
Lake Pshu, 1-6 N, 22 W---A triangular lake 250 by 160 km (150 by 100 mi), just south of the Waroon Sea in Barsoom Basin. The shores are tall tropical forest. The swampy Isle of Pshu, 80 km/50 mi wide, nearly fills the south end of the lake. Thotter fishing-villages line these shores. (source: thotter name)
Psop Peninsula, Lake Psop, 41-44 N, 90 E? (disputed)---a broad, densely wooded cape on the east shore of Zuki Sea, shaped like a dented bowl with narrow, marshy Lake Psop in its center. To the north is sinuous Insoralta Sound, to the south, Manlat Arm and Lake Rondzin. Mudbanks and kelp beds make for rich fishing and "clamming" for the local thotters. (source: thotter name)
SEA OF P'TANG, 20-34 N, 180 E---P'tang is a triangular sea 1500 km (900 mi) long, west of Thoris Upland and east of the Artolian Chaos. The straighter western shore is open woods and chaparral; the east is grassier, and broken with islands, bays, and marshy satellite lakes; here the basin ends abruptly, in cliffs rising to a dry lava plateau: the Liklik Desert. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Ptang)
P'TARTH MTS, Lake P'tarth, 10-30 S, 105-115 E (disputed; may be as little as 95-105 E)---the south end of Dejah Upland, splitting into a forked tail. Narrow Lake P'tarth, 450 km long, lies between the east and west ranges. Despite its shape and depth, locals don't consider it a true trenchlake, for it lies only 1.3 km (4500') below bedlevel; the air's too thin and dry for a full trench ecology, though large, big-brained flyotes do live here. But Lake Murra, just to the west, is the real thing: nestled deep in Yoof Trench, it supports lebbirds and fullsized trench wingbok.(source: E.R. Burroughs: Ptarth).
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RAKSAR SEA, 48-62 N, 95-140 W---a U-shaped northern sea nearly 2000 km long (1200 mi), lying north of the Orovar Range and Kantol Rift. A broad peninsula, the center of the U, is the splash apron of Ombra Crater to the north. Its rays of debris form straight, radial capes and "fjords" along the north shore, 160-250 km long (100-150 mi). These wind-sheltered valleys are densely wooded and home to large populations of mops. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Raxar)
Rani Hu River, 10-20 N, 95-100 E---A river watering Shen Veldt northeast of the Varo Sea. Its main source is Rani Hu Lake, a mountain lake 50 km (30 mi) long in the southwestern ranges around Parthak Crater, but other branches drain the valleys between several rays (debris ridges from the crater). The Rani Hu flows southeast to Lake Shen, then the Varo Sea and ultimately into Lake Murra in Yoof Trench, about 3200 km south (2000 mi); with the Shen RiverM to the west, it forms the second longest river system on Tharn. (source: veltaur name)
Rapass Crater, 46-48 N, 110 E---an impact crater 200 km (125 mi) across, between the Duhor and Wolak Seas, northwest of Dejah Upland. It's so far north, the shady north faces of both rims have glaciers; a cold, milky, silty lake 60 km wide (40 mi) fills the center. Dark forest covers the rest of the floor. The sheltered, south-facing inner slopes are warm for this latitude, and are dotted with camaroo and mop villages. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Repseen Maze, 13-24 N, 75-85 W---The north end of the Kantol Sea in Barsoom. Repseen is a labyrinth of sounds and low ridges (some islands, some capes), all trending northwest-southeast. The borders are debatable, but the Maze is about 1300 km long and half as wide (800 by 400 mi). The climate's Mediterranean, with groves on the ridges and trees along river and shores, but brushy hillslopes opening to meadows. Veltaurs, centahs and a few camaroos farm and herd; thotters fish the sounds (and run an extensive ferry system). (source: thotter name)
Rinnery River, 20 S, 135-120 E---the Rinnery flows west from the Chinchak Range to the Felatheen Sea. Fully half the population of southern Felatheen Veldt lives along the Rinnery--its snowmelt is the only reliable clean water in the region. (source: veltaur name)
RIPPAGONG SEA, 14-24 N, 100-110 W---a triangular sea in the western Barsoom Basin, northwest of K'lantha Veldt and the Kantol Sea, south of the Orovar Range. The climate's warm, the flora rather Mediterranean; thotters, veltaurs and centahs are common. Though shallow, the southern half of Rippagong is fairly unbroken; the Pshika Islands dot the north. Rippagong's 950 km long and 640 wide (590 by 400 mi). (source: centah name)
Lake Rishish, 24-29 S, 60-65 W---Lake Rishish, 550 km long but never more than 65 wide (330 by 40 mi) lies in the bottom of Wula Rift. It's a classic riftlake--brackish, mineralized, with grotesque tufa towers and pyramids on its shore and in its depths, where hot vents feed strange life forms and thermophilic bacteria stain the lake with bloody purple clots. Over the rift zone's ridges to the east lies the fertile Wula Sea, but the shores of Rishish, cut off from rain, are red desert; the lake's fed only by runoff from the ridges above. Rishish has a non-identical twin to the south: Lake Wssh. (source: veltaur name)
Rondzin Steppe, 35-50 N, 90-100 W---a temperate prairie west of Zor Chasma and east of the Zuki Sea and its satellite Lake Rondzin. It's much the size and climate of the Dakotas--about 400 by 1200 km (250 by 750 mi). camaroos graze flocks in summer, but there are few year-round residents. (source: thotter name)
Lake Rondzin, 40-43 N, 90? E (longitude disputed: 82-94!)---a lake southeast of the Zuki Sea. Rondzin is 160 by 320 km (100 by 200 mi). To the west is the heart of dark Zuki Forest, home of elaffes and mops; to the east is the chilly, lonely Rondzin Steppe. Thotters fish the lakeshores. (source: thotter name)
ROOP BASIN, Lake Roop, Roop Range, 37-54 N, 10-24 W---a large arc-basin on the northwest side of Thuvia Upland; the range dividing it from Thuvia, some 8 km high, is called the Roop Mts. Though north of Hai Lek Basin, Roop Basin's warmer and more fertile, due to its great depth: a spur of Otz Trench runs up its east side. Lakes Yikla and Alinne, down in the spur, average over 3 km below datum, giving them dense air and mild climates for this latitude. They sustain large trench wingbok populations. But shallow Lake Roop, though 500 km (300 mi) wide, lies at the far northern end where the trench trails off. It's only 1.5 km down (only a mile below "sea level"), so most inhabitants are mops, camaroos, and primitive plains wingbok, not the larger, smarter trench variety, who find flight too hard in the thinner air. (source: mop name)
LAKE RRAO, 45-49 N, 125-145? E (disputed)---Rrao is a lake 1050 km long and 120 wide (650 by 75 miles), with densely forested shores. Though it's nearly 50 degrees north--the northernmost in Yoof Trench--and below the feet of a towering glaciated range, the Rrao Valley's subtropical; winter winds get cold, but snow is rare, for at 3.5 km (11,500') below bedlevel, the trench is an oasis of dense, warm, moist air. Elaffes probably evolved here. The valley's now also colonized by lebbirds; their name for it is commonly used, since the booming elaffe name is unpronounceable by anyone smaller than a truck. A small spur of the trench just south of Rrao holds smaller, colder Lake P'p'p, source of many important tree-crops used across the North. (source: lebbird name)
Lake Rree, 22-28 N, 75 E (disputed: caravan maps place it anywhere from 65 to 78 east! Understandable, since desert and mountains block east-west travel)---Lake Rree lies deep in Mrr Trench, east of Thuvia Upland. It's a dry zone, so Rree is relatively small, "only" 640 km long (400 mi). With no outlet but evaporation, the water's quite salty. Rree is the lowest lake in Mrr Trench, with the densest air. Though dry, the climate is mild, and irrigated groves line the west shore, fed by snowmelt-streams from the Mrr Range. Lebbirds may have evolved along its shores, though the cultural heartland has shifted to larger Lake Au to the south. (source: lebbird name)
Lake Rrit, 27-35 S, 120 W---Lake Rrit lies 5.5 km deep in Har Trench, just west of Tarkas Upland. Rrit's 800 km long but only 160 wide (500 by 100 mi). Smaller Lake Jeet lies just north. The shores are mostly irrigated orchards tended by arthom. (source: artho name)
RRONK FOREST, 33-55 N, 110-165 E---The largest boreal forest on Tharn, below northern Dejah Upland; an elaffe heartland, also settled now by camaroos. This cool evergreen strip runs 7000 km from the Wolak Sea east to the Sea of P'tang. The four Rronk Lakes, 150-250 km long, lie east of the Duhor Sea; the rain they generate extends the east end of Rronk Forest another 1000 km... (source: elaffe name)
Lake Rru, 35 N, 70 E---a lake 300 km long and 80 wide (200 by 50 mi) in the southeast Worawora Basin, east of Thuvia Upland. The lake lies 1000 meters (3300') below bedlevel. The shores have fertile prairies with occasional wooded streams descending from the Mrr Range just to the east. Thotters fish the shores and centahs herd flocks in the lowlands round the lake, just as camaroos do in the cooler hills above. Still, it's a cultural backwater next to Mrr Trench over the mountains to the east, or even Lake Worawora to the west, fully 2.25 km below bedlevel; its denser air allows lebbirds to fly, and is warm enough for veltaurs. (source: lebbird name)
Ruha Islands, 12-23 S, 45-50 W---an archipelago turning the eastern Wula Sea (in southern Barsoom) into a maze of channels. The northern Ruhas are a chaos of small, low isles, but the southern Ruhas fuse into twin ridges, each 400 km long (250 mi) but rarely over 50 km wide. All the Ruhas have a Mediterranean climate. Thotters aquafarm the shores in spots, but most inhabitants are veltaurs. The archipelago appears to be broken lava flows from the Jahar Range to the south. (source: veltaur name)
Ruvallin River, Lake Ruvallin, 2-13 N, 100 E---An equatorial, triangular lake 340 by 160 km (210 by 100 mi), draining west into the nearby Varo Sea. Ruvallin has a monsoon climate, rainy in summer and mild and dry during orbital winter; however, the lake doesn't drop in the dry season, as it's fed by the Ruvallin River from the heights around Parthak Crater to the north, and those ridges get most of their rain in sparse winter storms. The north shore is open woods, but the south has dense growth thickening to rainforest: the east end of Varo Wood. (source: bo name)
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Shaleen River, 30-45 S, 30-40 W---modest in flow but 1300 km long (700 mi), the Shaleen rises in the forests of Wula Rift. It flows south along the western edge of the Heloon Desert to the Shaleen Sea; its long green lake-dotted valley is a major caravan route from Barsoom Basin to the forest belt of the far south. (source: centah name)
SHALEEN SEA, 40-50 S, 25-30 W---the only sea protruding into Heloon Desert. The southern shore is wooded, but in the north red cliffs and sand dunes rise right from the water; the only green's the marshy delta of the Lante River. Smallest and saltiest of the three seas south of Heloon, Shaleen is still stabler than many Tharnian seas, for it's fed by rivers from different climate zones. In wetter times, the Shaleen Sea may link with the Ugor and Anthor Seas to the southeast, forming an almost-ocean and making the desert a prairie. (Source: centah name)
Sharoo Falls, LAKE SHAROO, 20-35 S, 90-105 W---One of the largest cataracts on Tharn: a good-sized river cascades down dozens of falls, from 50 to 200 meters each (160-660'), as the Sharoo River drops from the Gathol Sea level down to Lake Sharoo, deep in Chanath Trench. Lake Sharoo itself is huge, 1900 km long and up to 250 wide (1200 by 150 mi). It drains south to Lake Yoseno, even deeper in the trench. The lake is a haven for a unique subspecies of trench wingbok. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Sharu).
Lake Shath, 12 S, 0-5 E---a lake 560 km long (350 mi) in Heloon Crater. Shath lies in the northern Tor Kvas Valley, between the Ksana and Lothar Ranges (the inner and outer ringwalls). To the west lies similar Lake P'koon; to the south, Lake Tholna. (source: centah name)
SHEN VELDT, Lake Shen, Shen River, 7-20 N, 90-105 E--- Shen Veldt is a triangular plain 1500 km wide, east of Zor Chasma, southwest of Parthak Crater, and north of the Varo Sea. A warm savanna dotted veined with creeks and dotted with groves, especially in the south, where the trees thicken into Varo Wood. Lake Shen, 270 km long and up to 60 wide (170 by 35 mi), is a shallow, segmented lake (shaped like the body of an ant) in the south-central veldt, fed mainly by two rivers rising in the radial Parthak ranges: the Shen to the northwest and the Rani Hu to the southeast. (source: veltaur name)
Shental River and Valley, 30-45 N, 80-90 W---A semiarid valley just east of the Orovar Range in Barsoom Basin. Streams flowing southeast out of the mountains collect into the Shental River, flowing 1000 km southwest to Lake Thimret, then on through greener prairies to the Rippagong Sea. Above Thimret, the valley looks like Nevada: piny heights, scrub and dry grass on the valley floor, green veins of broadleaf trees along the rivers. Though the lavender sky gives it away...(source: centah name)
Shif Shif Crater, 11 N, 70 E (disputed; caravan maps put it at 75-80 E)---An impact crater 70 km wide (45 mi) in the veldt west of Zor Chasma, north of Invak Forest and the Hastor Sea. This savanna's often called Shif Shif Veldt. The impact must have been recent; this close to Zor Rift, the crust is no more than 12 million years old. Shif Shif's just one of a chain, probably all formed together from the impact of a comet train like Shoemaker-Levy. Shira Crater to the south is a near-identical twin; Zu, to the north, is larger still; lesser craters pepper the whole zone from 25 south to 30 north. (source: veltaur name)
Lake Shillim, 20-23 S, 4-9 E---a brackish, oval lake 290 km across (180 mi) in Heloon Crater. Lake Shillim lies in the southeastern Tor Kvas Valley, between the Ksana and Lothar Ranges (the inner and outer ringwalls). To the north lies similar Lake Tholna; to the southwest, Lake Kwaree. (source: centah name)
Shinnif River, Falls, Marsh, 18-24 N, 150-175 W---The largest river crossing the Liklik Desert. The Shinnif flows 2200 km (1350 mi) west from the Thoris Upland; it drops from plateau to plateau, and the last drop to the desert plain is a wide, spectacular fall 200 m high--four times Niagara! The lower Shinnif is a green strip forming the south border of the Liklik Desert; the plain is merely semiarid veldt to the south. Near its outlet on the Sea of P'tang, the river slows and spreads into Shinnif Marsh. (source: veltaur name)
Shira Crater, 0 N, 70 E (disputed; caravan maps show 75-80 E)---An impact crater 80 km wide (50 mi) west of Zor Chasma, in Invak Forest near the Hastor Sea. Its flooded floor is called Lake Shira. Rays of ejected rock from Shira shirr the shore (sorry, I couldn't resist) of the Hastor Sea, forming regular capes and bays for several hundred km. Such radial ridges are less visible smothered in the Invak jungle, but they extend hundreds of km in every direction from the crater. And Shira's just one of a chain of craters (probably) formed together from the impact of a comet train like Shoemaker-Levy. The impacts must be recent, as the crust here so close to Zor Rift is only 12 million years old. Shif Shif Crater, 850 km north, is a near-perfect twin; Zu Crater beyond it is larger; and lesser craters pepper the whole zone from 25 south to 30 north. (source: veltaur name)
SHUKA TRENCH, Lake Shuka, 18-36 N, 50-75 W---the subduction trench southwest of Llana Upland; the northern border of Barsoom Basin. The shores of Lake Shuka, 4 km below datum, hot, rather dry, but with many streams descending from the Upland, harbor an isolated trench wingbok civilization. (source: centah name)
Shunai Bay, 16-21 S, 95-105 W---The western third of the Gathol Sea, Shunai Bay is 800 km long and 500 wide (500 by 300 mi), split into eastern and western halves by Cape Aroba. The rich Shunai coast is home to bos, veltaurs, centahs, thotters, flyotes and wingbok. (source: veltaur name)
SOLA UPLAND, 20-60 S, 40-70 E---a southern highland over half the size of Australia. Sola rises south of much larger Thuvia Upland; the Yarr Mtns link them. Sola has a quite Andean "coastal range" on its east side, rising to 8 km high (27,000'), then dropping 10-15 km (33-50,000') into Dor Trench. But to the west, its plateau angles gradually down for 2000 km through subalpine meadows, forest, and chaparral, ending at last in the Heloon Desert. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Lake Ssa, 12-14 N, 0 E--- A freshwater lake 250 km long (160 mi) in Yoof Trench, 4.5 km below the plains, draining north into Lake Arroo and then huge Lake Hoom. The valley floor is hot, but not as arid as the lakes to the north: the north end is savanna away from the water, and tall "monsoon" forest covers the south shore. Lebbirds irrigate orchards here, and thotters fish the lake. (source: lebbird name)
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Talaya River, 23-33 N, 150-175 W---the Talaya flows 1500 km from Thoris Upland west to the Sea of P'tang. The Talaya rises from snowy dorsae (long, straight compression ridges) in north-central Thoris, winds west through alpine meadows, drops to a "terrace" hundreds of km wide, dotted with "scrub oak" and "pine", where it collects the runoff from much of western Thoris, then pours 200 meters (660') in a broad fall down into Talaya Canyon and crosses the Liklik Desert. It's one of only three year-round streams there; its canyon is an oasis farmed by flyotes and lobbras. (source: wingbok name)
Tancho Veldt, Tancho Crater, 20-30 N, 110 E---Tancho Veldt is a warm dry-grass plain east of Zor Chasma, south of the Wolak Sea. Tancho Crater is its most prominent feature--an impact basin 60 km (40 mi) across, with walls a mile high (1.5 km), high enough to sustain woods on its the rim. But the ridge diverts rain from the crater floor; it's savanna and marsh, with few trees. Large flyotes are the main residents. (source: centah name)
TARKAS UPLAND, 15-65 S, 90-120 W---the largest southern highland, about the size of Australia. Tarkas lies west of Chanath Trench, south of the Tars Triangle, and east of Har Trench and the Ghasta Sea. On its northeast edge, is Kaltaven Basin, a grassy Mongolian steppe 1200 km long and 400 wide. On the east side the Kaltaven Range rise 5 km (16,000') to a height of 7 km (23,000') above datum; their east face drops over 12 km (40,000') into the Chanath Trench. The southwest front range, above the Ghasta Trench, is just as high though not quite as spectacular, since Ghasta is flooded up to datum. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Tars Tarkas).
TARS TRIANGLE, 15 N to 15 S, 100-120 W---a fractured wedge of land between the Wula and Thurian Rifts, north of Tarkas Upland. From the upland, a great dorsa (compression ridge) stretches north: Chornis Ridge. From its tip radiates a fan of long ridges, the Manacha Fan; beyond, in the wedge where the two rifts meet, tall stratovolcanoes rise, each a multispecies city-state. Four rival Kilimanjaro or Denali: Akor, Ethas, Ikos, and Imal. (source: E.R. Burroughs: Tars Tarkas).
Tavia Tundra and Lake Tavia, 55-70 S, 60-120 W---south of the Bantoom Sea, the Tavia River drains a tundra basin bigger than Alaska. The river cuts a canyon down to Lake Tavia, a deep, cold, fresh, leaf-shaped lake 640 km long (400 mi) on the floor of Chanath Trench.
Lake Tebbik, 2-4 N, 32 E---Cupped in dense forest, Lake Tebbik moderates the climate of the lower Zozar Valley; though it's 3.5 km up (11,500'), it's sheltered and not far from the equator. The lake is oval, 55 by 160 km (35 by 100 mi), and milky with glacial silt from the great peaks rising another 3-4 km on all sides. Tebbik is freshwater; a deep slash of a canyon cuts drains the lake southwest to the tiny Bundaroo Sea. (source: mop name)
Lake Teina, 17-27 N, 0-15 W---A lake 950 km (600 mi) long, lying in Otz Trench, from 15-25 north. Fully 5 km below datum, with dense air and fertile shores, it's a center of trench wingbok civilization. (source: wingbok name)
the Terraces (or the Jahar Terraces), 10-22 S, 25-35 W---Scalloped, cliffwalled, overlapping lava plateaus, like the wax at the base of a candle, on the west slope of the Jahar Range. Each terrace has a different altitude, climate and dominant species. Snowmelt from the great volcanoes collects into large winding rivers on these plateaus, then plunges in large falls to the lower levels. Similar lava flows create similar falls on the north side of the Chinchak Range, a region called the Ksaksa Stairs. (source: descriptive trade-camaroo name)
Mt Thagh, Thagh River, 10 S, 165 E---Mt Thagh is a shield volcano 15 km (50,000') high, in the central Chinchak Mountains. Source of the Thagh River, which drops over lava terraces in spectacular falls on its way to the Ksaksa Sea at the mountains' feet. Such terraces on Thagh's flanks form a set of ecological sky-islands, sustaining half a dozen peoples in close proximity. The only inhabitants of the peak itself are mamooks. (source: mamook name)
THARK SEA, 39-50 S, 105-130 E---a southern sea northeast of Zor Chasma, south of the Tin Kik Desert and west of the Zodanga Sea. Thark is big---1500 km long and up to 320 wide (950 by 200 mi). The shores look Nordic--cool, dark evergreen forests. In wetter eras a strait links Thark and Zodanga; now and then they merge entirely, into a true ocean. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Thas Crater and Thas River, 10 N, 170 W---Thas is an impact crater 200 km (125 mi) across on a wide veldt plain north of Polodona Forest. It's an old crater: the floor's only 1.5 km below the veldt, and the walls are mere wooded hills. A comma-shaped lake fills half the crater floor. Most locals are large flyotes (attracted by the denser air), lobbras (ditto), and centahs. Creeks radiate from the debris apron, heading west to Lake Chepsillo and southeast to the Kaol Sea; the latter collect into the Thas River, 800 km (500 mi) long. (source: E.R. Burroughs)
Lake Thimret, 28-32 N, 85 W (disputed; caravan maps have 88-93 W)---an oval bedlake at the south end of semi-arid Shental Valley, between the Orova